Travelling in Turkey

By Air : Turkish Airlines (THY) provides an important network of domestic flights from the intemational airports of Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Adana, Trabzon, Dalaman and Antalya to all of the major Turkish cities. For the timetables , prices and reductions, enquiries can be made at THY agencies. There are bus connections to and from airports and city terminals.

By Sea : Turkish Maritime Lines has several coastal services providing excellent opportunities for sightseeing. They leave from Galata Bridge (Karakoy side), Sirkeci and Eminonu. It is advisable to make early reservations for tourist cruises. There are also organized tours on both sides of the Bosphorus. For further information, see Useful Addresses.
Ferry Services :
a) Istanbul - Mudanya
b) Istanbul - Bandirma
c) Eskihisar- Topcular
d) Canakkale- Eceabat
e) Gelibolu - Lapseki
f) Yukyeri - Bozcaada
g) Gokceada - Kabatepe
h) Istanbul - Izmir
i) Bodrum - Kormen (Datca)
j) Istanbul - Sinop - Samsun - Ordu - Giresun - Trabzon - Rize Seabus Service :
a) Bostanci - Kabatas
b) Bostanci - Kartal
c) Bostanci - Karakoy
d) Bostanci - Buyukada Island
e) Bostanci - Yenikapi
f) Bostanci - Bakirkoy
g) Kadikoy - Bakirkoy
h) Kadikoy - Karakoy
i) Kartal - Yalova
j) Yalova - Kabatas
k) Buyukada Island - Kabatas
l) Bostanci - Yenikapi-Marmara - Avsa Passenger Services :
a) Bogazici
b) Karakoy (European side) - Haydarpasa (Asian side)
c) Karakoy (European side) - Kadikoy (Asian side)
d) Sirkeci - Kabatas - Istanbul Islands - Yalova - Cinarcik

Marmara Passenger Services :
a) Istanbul - Marmara and Avsa Islands
b) Avsa Marmara and Erdek Lake Van Transport :
The Akdamar Island boats have daily services during the tourist season. There is also the train ferry across Lake Van from Tatvan to Van, continuing to Iran. For further information, see Useful Addresses.

By Rail : The wide network of the Turkish State Railways connects most major cities. The trains have couchettes, sleeping cars, restaurants, with lounge cars offering first and second class service.
In the Aegean region, it is possible for groups to charter a steam train which has all kinds of facilities for trips with a route of your choice allowing you a more relaxed way of traveling through this beautiful region. Train charters are also available for all areas of Turkey for large groups.

Road Network : Turkey has an extensive network of well maintained roads linking its towns, cities,and popular tourist areas. When arriving from Europe, the Bosphorus crossing to Asia has been greatly facilitated by the completion of the istanbul bypass, and the two Bosphorus (Bogazici) bridges which lead to the Istanbul - Ankara Expressway. The E80 and E90 are the two main roads leading to Turkey from European borders, they also link the Iranian and Iraqi borders. These expressways have been constructed according to Asian and Middle East International road network standards.

Road Signs : Turkish road signs conform to the International Protocol on Road Signs. Archaeological and historical sites are indicated by yellow signs.

Traffic Circulation : Traffic circulates on the right and the Turkish Highway Code is similar to those of European countries. Outside cities, traffic moves freely, the Istanbul - Ankara highway being the only one on which traffic is heavy. There is a 50 km./h. speed limit in urban centers and a 90 km/h limit outside urban centers.

Petrol : Filling stations are well distributed over all roads, and those on the main highways often have attached service stations and restaurants, and are open round the clock. Unleaded fuel is available at all stations.

Repairs : There are numerous repair garages in towns (grouped along special streets) and along principal highways. Spare parts are readily available. Turkish mechanics are well trained in the repair of both Turkish and foreign cars. In addition, assistance can be received from the Touring and Automobile Club

Car Rentals : There are many rent-a-car services in Turkey. They are placed on the airports, ports, and near by all big hotels. The addresses and prices can be obtained from the local Tourist Information Offices or travel agents.

Inter City Coaches : Many private companies provide frequent day and night services between all Turkish cities. Coaches depart from the bus station (otogar) in large towns, and from the town centre in smaller regions.

Taxis and Dolmus : Taxis are numerous in all Turkish cities and are recognisable by their yellow color. The fare shown on the meter reads according to the distance traveled.
The 'dolmus' a special service found only in Turkey, is a collective taxi which follows specific routes and is recognizable by its yellow band. Each passenger pays according to distance traveled and can get off at specific stops. The relatively cheap fares are fixed by the municipality. The 'dolmus' provides a service within large cities, to suburbs, airports, and often to neighboring towns. This is a very practical means of transport and much cheaper than a taxi.

HOLIDAY IN TURKEY

Imagine a holiday spent in a sun-drenched country with golden beaches and beautiful scenery, the origin of ancient myths and civilisations; where the people are hospitable, the food is delicious and your money goes a long way… That’s Turkey!

If you are aged between 12 and 29, get ready for the holiday of a lifetime! Just join the ICEPworld Holiday in Turkey Program and you will be provided with your own room in a Turkish family home. What better way to experience Turkish hospitality and to discover Turkish cuisine? You will be treated as a member of the family and will be welcome to join in family outings such as visits to friends and interesting places and activities such as camping, sports, etc.

(Full-board accommodation will be provided but you are responsible for your travel expenses to, from and within Turkey as well as your own private expenses such as telephone calls, pocket money etc. The duration of the stay can vary; however, the maximum stay allowed in Turkey is three months.)

NOTE TO PARENTS

Parents of participants in the 12-17 age-group in particular, will naturally be concerned for their child’s comfort and happiness. We can assure you that all our host families are carefully vetted and have a good educational background and standard of living. We guarantee to place your child in a family with a child of the same sex and similar age, so that s/he will have plenty of opportunity to make friends. Turkish families are very caring and protective of their children and your son or daughter will receive the same care and attention as their own. If you wish, you may travel with your child and stay with them in their host family home for the first few days, you can be sure that your child’s host family will be delighted to meet you!

HOSPITALITY

Turks are very generous and hospitality is one of the cornerstones of the Turkish way of life. You can expect a very warm reception and attentive care during your stay. Your host family and their friends will show their interest in you by asking lots of questions, and invite you to social occasions and other events where you will be treated as an honoured guest. In fact, you will find that most people you meet are friendly and courteous to strangers, whether they're foreign or not!

PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES

This program is open to applicants from the countries listed below. We cannot accept applications from nationals of any other country.

Andorra, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegowina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Korea, Latvia, Lichtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Mexico, Moldavia, Monaco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Panama, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States.

Where To Go - in Turkey

A country of sun and history, Turkey is located where the three continents making up the old world, Asia, Africa and Europe are closest to each other and straddle the point where Europe and Asia meet.

Because of its geographical location, the mainland, Anatolia, has witnessed the mass migration of diverse peoples shaping the course of history. The home to countless civilisations, Anatolia has developed a unique synthesis of cultures, each with its own distinct identity, yet each linked to its predecessors through insoluble treads.

You can found details about Regions iand tourism centers in our site so that you can discover each of seven different geographical regions individually or you can check out the activities you might be interested during your visit to Turkey.

Stretching out on two continents, Turkey is a paradise where one can experience the four seasons simultaneously... Whether be fond of art, history, archeology or nature, you will feel the happiness beyond desires and hopes during your stay in Turkey.

Surrounded by the crystal clear waters of a shinning sea at four directions, Turkey generously offers her 8000km long shores before your eyes. Turkey is rich in flora and fauna.

Because of its geographical location, the mainland, Anatolia, has witnessed the mass migration of diverse peoples shaping the course of history. Twenty fascinating civilizations render Turkey the heir of 10.000 years old history, which has still been examined for further ancient secrets to be brought up into daylight. These lands inhales at any moment the mystery of the past through the existence of the statues of gods and goddesses, temples, theaters, agoras, churches, mosques, medresseh, palaces and caravanserais. Becoming a united whole of daily life and all other values, Turkey forms ideal circumstances.

Property for sale in Turkey

A vast selection of property for sale in Turkey, including; villas, flats, land and commercial properties. The property database is updated on a regular basis so be sure to Bookmark This Page! (Ctrl+D) to return and view new additions to the Turkish Property listings. Please don't hesitate to contact us regarding your specific property requirements as we will be pleased to conduct a search on your behalf.

Property in Turkey

Welcome to Falcon Estates, where you can enjoy; Professional Turkish Property Consultant Services Choice of over 400 properties in Turkey Advice on Buying Property & Living in Turkey Friendly and Experienced Sales Team Turkish properties available include; apartments, apartment complex, flats, houses, detached & semi-detached villas, holiday houses, bungalows, cottages, commercial premises and old ruins in: FETHIYE, CALIS, GOCEK, DALAMAN, BODRUM, UZUMLU, OVACIK, HISARONU, SOVALYE ISLAND

WINE TASTING

After discovering all these interesting places, remember to have a glass of
Turkish wine...

Anatolia was one of the first wine drinking countries in the world. Wine was drunk as a ritual blessing around 2000 B.C. Hittite Emperors used to offer wine to the gods in order to thank them for what they had. Reliefs portraying these offerings can be seen at the Museum of Anatolia Civilizations. The main wine production centers are Ankara, Goreme and Yozgat in mid-Anatolia; Tekirdag, Murefte. Sarkoy, Marmara Island and Avsa Island in the Marmara Region; Bozcaada, Izmir, Sirince, Denizli, Guney and Sal in the Aegean Region. In Anatolia, which is known as the land of wine, it is inexpensive and delicious.

RECREATION AREAS

RECREATION AREAS

The recreation areas licensed by the Ministry of Forestry with camping possibilities on the Aegean and Mediterranean coasts are:

Camlik: 2 km. from Ayvalik
Tavsanburnu: Between Milet and Didyma Beach
Gokova:30 km. from Mugla, on the road to Marmaris Beach.
Cubucak: 20 km. from Marmaris Beach
Oludeniz: 17 km. from Fethiye. on the lagoon of Oludeniz Beach.
Kidirak: 18 km. from Fethiye Beach
Duzlercami: 19 km. from Antalya on the Korkuteli Highway.
Kepezbasi: 10 km. from Antalya, on the road to Burdur.
Incekum: 19 km. before Alanya, on the Antalya-Alanya highway.
Erdemli Sahil Camligi: 2 km. from Erdemli, on the Silifke-Mersin road.
Karatas Kumlugu: 2 km. from Karatas (near Adana)
Katranci: 18 km. from Fethiye. on the Marmaris-Datca road.

ORNITHOLOGY and NATIONAL PARKS

ORNITHOLOGY

Turkey, situated at the crossroads of three continents, forms a bridge between the reproductive areas of birds in the north and their winter nests in the south. One of the most important stops for birds along this route is Izmir-Cesmealti. This area was declared a natural heritage region in 1985 and this has ofdered the possibility of natural and culturalk activities.

"Kus Cenneti" birds Heaven National Park near Bandirma, is another important example where natural and cultural values coexist. This area provides different environments. Bird's Heaven is a real heaven for both bird-lovers and ornithologists. Important places where different bird types exist include: Buyuk Menderes Delta, Lake Seyfe (near Kirsehir), Sultan Marshes (near Kayseri) and Goksu Delta (near Silifke). For more information:

Natural Wildwife Protection Association -Dogal hayati Koruma Dernegi
P.K.18 Bebek - Istanbul
Tel:212-279 01 39 - 40 Fax: 212-279 55 44

NATIONAL PARKS

Forest Ministry, Wildwife and National Parks
-Orman Bakanligi Milli Parklar ve Av-Yaban Hayati Gen.Md.
Gazi Tesisleri No:11 Gazi - Ankara
Tel: 312-221 09 34 - 212 63 00 Fax:312-222 51 40

Ala Mountains: Located in the Nigde region, near Kayseri, Yahyali is about 30 km. from this area. Demirkazik summit is 3756 meters and is the highest point in the Middle Taurus mountain range. Geomorphology includes greenhouses and very rich sources of flora and fauna.

Altinbesik Cave: Situated about 12 km. southeast of Aydinkent (Ibradi) and 55 km. north of Manavgat. Lakes and intersting rock formations within the cave area as well as travertines and styreams make this area especially fascinating. The authentic village of Urunlu is only 5 km. west of the Manavgat Valley. It's one our walk from Urunlu Village to Altinbesik Cave. Inside the cave are a variety of natural pools. The air inside the cave is quite humid with a temperature of 16 - 18 oC. valuable sources of geological and geomorphological samples exist here.

Altindere (Altindere valley): This park is situated in the province of Trabzon. This is the best known park in the Black Sea area; known for its natural beauty and for the famous Sumela Monastery. Facilities include picnicking areas cafes and a post office.

Baskomutan: This park was established as a monument 9on behalf of war veterans who lost their lives in the Independence War. The rich green park is located on the border of the Afyon province. Among the attractions in the park are the Open-Air Museum and Memorial and several cafes with music and entertainment. There is also a picnic area.

Beydaglari-Olympos (Bey Mountains): This park is west of Antalya near the antique sites of Phaselis and Olympos. Facilities include holiday villages, motels, restaurants, camping, picnicking, a museum and post office.

Beysehir Golu (lake Beysehir): 60 km. from Beysehir, there are wonderful geomorphological structures, beaut5iful birds; Hittite, Persian, Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk and Ottoman remains. Camping and picnics are possible.

Bogazkale - Alacahoyuk: About 181 km. from Ankara, in Corum Province this park with rich flora and fauna also has camping, picnic sites and even a restaurant. A museum housing archaeological artifacts of the ancient capital of the Hittites and the historical site of Alacahoyuk can be found in tjis park.

Dilek Yarimadasi (Dilek Peninsula): In the province of Aydin, where Mt. Samsundagi plunges into the sea is a park of river valleys, flora, fauna, beaches and cliffs. Hiking, picnicking and water sports are possible. Wild horses, bobcats foxes and tortoises live in the park.

Gelibolu Yarimadasi (History Park - Gelibolu Peninsula): Situated near Canakkale, the whole peninsula has been dedicated to the memory of the many soldiers who lost their lives here.There are two entrences, Kilitbahir and Kabatepe that5 provide information on how to tour the area, and where the British, French, Australian, New Zealand and Turkish war memorials can be found. There are beaches, hotels, restaurants and attractive flora and fauna.

Goreme: Situated in the province of Nevsehir, Goreme is very interesting place gbecause of its rock cone and fairy chimney landscape.The chapels date from the Seljuk and Byzantine periods and the underground cities and churches are located in this area. Among the attractions in the park are the open-air-museums, holiday villages, campsites, restaurants and shopping centers.

Gulluk Dagi - Termessos (Mt. Gulluk): This park is near Antalya toward Korkuteli with wild scenery, flora and fauna, camping, restaurants picnicking areas and an open air museum.

Hatilla Valley: Located on the eastern Black Sea 10 km. nortwest of Artvin on the Coruh river. Also 25 km. from here is a very beautiful valley sloping to 90% in some place4s. Rare types of plants, geology, geomorphology and rich sources of the most valuable flora and fauna are found in this region.

Honaz Dagi (Mt. Honaz): Located in the Aegean region near Denizli. This is one of the most beautiful and highest points in the Aegean region at an altitude of 2.528 m. Geology , Geomorphology and rare types of flora and fauna can be found here. This area is famous because early Christians settled on the northern slope; the name of this ancient site is Colossae and remains of this settlement can still be seen.

Ilgaz Dagi (Mt. Ilgaz): South of Kastamonu (45 km.) is a park in a beautiful landscape, with attractive flora and fauna, also 0providing picnic facilities.

Kackar Mountains: Located on the eastern Black Sea region near Rize. There is a pine grove 16 km. from here; the highest point is 3.932 m. Boasting a very rich geology with a wide variety of valuable flora and fauna from the Mediterranean region and the Black Sea area.

Karagol - Sahara: Located near the Artvin city limits near Savsat in the northeastren area. Karagol is covered with beautiful forest with the most rare and magnificent views. Sahara National Park can be found here with its wonderfull alpine lakes and the Sahara Plateau which is 1700-1800 m. high.Wildlife is plentiful including bears. Karagol has recreational and picnic facilities.

Karatepe - Aslantas: This park is situated in the Ceyhan River Valley in Adana province. There are Hittite and Roman remains, hills, valleys, flora as well as camping and picnicking possibilities.

Kaz Dagi (Mt. Ida): Mt.Kaz National Park, situated near Edremit Bay, is reckoned to be one of the most beautiful national parks in Turkey. Mt. Kaz is 1774 meters and the park features lovely springs and beautiful trees. Throughout history Ida was known as a holy mountain. This mountain also has mythological significance, according to mythology, the first beauty contest was held on this mountain. The Trojan King's son Paris, who was renowned for the importance he gave to beauty, was the head of the jury, so in the contest, that was held between Aphrodite, Hera and Athena, Aphrodite was chosen first. Every year to mark this occasion, a beauty contest is held in Mt.Kaz National Park.

Kizil Dagi (Mt. Kizil): A beautiful park of cedar trees situated between Isparta and Konya, west of the town of Sarkikaraagac and on the northern edge of Lake Beysehir with camping and picnicking facilities.

Kovada Gol (Kovada Lake): This park is near Isparta toward Konya with typical forest scenery, lake flora and fauna. Excellent for water sports, climbing, camping, fidhing and picnics.

Koprulu Kanyon (Koprulu Canyon): The Kopru River has carved a 14 km. long canyon 92 km. norteast of Antalya. There is the Roman Oluk Bridge, the city of Selge in the higher part of the park, an open-air museum, flora, camping, fishing and picnicking plus restaurants.

Kus Cenneti (Bird Paradise): In the povince of Balikesir 18 km. south of Bandirma is a bird preserve with over 200 species; it is an important stopover and rest area for many European species. There is a museum and tours to observe the birds. Bird Paradise has received an "A" certificate from the European Union.

Munzur Vadisi (Munzur Valley): In the povince of Tunceli, yhis park has streams full of trout, springs, flora and fauna. Camping, picnicking and fishing are possible.

Nemrut Dagi (Mt. Nemrut): This famous mountain is lovated in southeast Anatolia between the Adiyaman (100 km.) and Kahta (65 km.) regions. This park houses a memorial to King Antiochos and the Eski Kale, Yeni Kale, karakus Tepesi and Cendere Koprusu are the symbols that make this park a most interesting visit.

Soguksu: This park is situated at Kizilcahamam, in Ankara with thermal springs and a forested plateau with small valleys. Facilities include a hotel, restaurants, camping, climbing and picnicking places.

Spil Dagi (Mt. Spil): Situated in Manisa province this park has interesting flora, fauna and thermal springs. Camping climbing and picnicking are possible. Inside the park is Niobe Rock, the mythical weeping rock, a relief of Cybele, old caves and canyons and wild Manisa tulips.

Uludag (Mt. Ulu): The ancient Mt.Olympus of Mysia near Bursa (35 km.) at a height of 1800-1900 m. with forests and lakes, is good for walks, picnics and winter sports. There are hotels, chalets, restaurants, post office, skiing and camping.

Yedigoller: "Seven Lakes",north of Bolu, with its lakes full of fish, is surrounded by beautiful forests. There is a museum and an exhibition of wildlife, restaurants, chalet accommodations, camping, fishing and picnicking.

Yozgat Camligi (Yozgat Pine Grove): Situated 5 km. from Yozgat one finds this park of forests, green hills and valleys, flora and fauna. Camping and picnicking are possible.

THERMAL RESORT

THERMAL RESORT

In Turkey, there are about 1000 thermal springs scattered throughout western Anatolia. Additional information: see Tourist Information Office. Thermal spas with facilities for therapeutic treatments are as follows:

Bursa - Cekirge: Most of the thermal springs, in both modern and historical settings, are in the district of Cekirge. The waters contain bicarbonete, sulphur, sodium, calcium and magnesium (47-78^oC) and are suitable for both drinking and bathing cures. Benefical for rheumatic, gynecologic and dermatologic, diseases and for the metabolism. A wide range of accommodations in 1st to 4th class hotels is available, as is medical supervision.

Denizli - Pamukkale and Karahayit: North of Denizli (20 km.) with accommodations of 500 total bed capacity. Thermal waters contain hydrocarbonate, sulphur, calcium carbondioxide and iron (33-56^oC, radioactive) and are suitable for drinking and bathing, benefitting heart and circulatory complaints as well as digestive, gall bladder. rheumatic and kidney diseases.

Izmir - Balcova : It is 10 km. west of Izmir with a 400 bed capacity and hasthe largest indoor thermal pool in Turkey. Ege Univetsity recognizes the value of these hot springs and has built a treatment center nearby. The water (62^oC) is suitable for drinking and bathing benefitting sciatica, gynecologic, nervous disorders plus intestinal and urinary problems.

Izmir - Cesme : The Bay of Ilica and Sifne (7 km.east of Cesme) have accommodation available in every category and class with a total capacity of 2000 beds. Waters contain chloride, sodium, magnesium, fluoride (42-55^oC) and are suitable for drinking and bathing benefitting sciatica, gynecologic, nervous disordes plus intestinal and urinaru complaints as well as the metabolism.

Yalova : These thermal springs are situated 11 km. southwest of yalova with a bed capacity of 600-800 in hotels and guest houses. The thermal waters contain sulphur, sodium ans calcium (55-60^oC) and are suitable for drinking and bathing cures. beneficial for rheumatic, gynecologic, urinary and nervous complaints and nervous complaints and controls cholesterol and lipid levels.

Afyon - Orucoglu : Orucoglu Thermal Center is 14 km. from Afyon. The temperature of the spring water is 49^oC. The water is rich in carbon dioxide, sodium, bicarbonete, dsodium chloride, bromide and fluoride. It has beneficial effects on arthritis, sciatica, disc hernia, neuritis, neuralgia, lumbago, osteoathrosis ans after orthopedic surgery and various other surgical treatments such as post-operative theraphy. It can also be used in the rehabilitation of spastic children and polio patients with mental retardation. Patients with skin ailments like psoriasis, feeding problems, stomach intestine, gall bladder, kidney, urinary tract and gynecologicdisordes and muscle and nerve fatigue also benefit from it. It is good for balancing the iron ratio and has rehabilitation value in the treatment of hemiplegia. There is a modern complex in the area.

Afyon - Hudayi : Southwest of Sandikli (10 km.) in Afyon province, there is a small treatrement center with a 100 bed capaqcity. Waters contain sulphur, hydrocarbonate, sodium, calcium, carbon-dioxide, bromide and fluoride (60-70^oC, radioactive)and are good for drinking and bathing benefiting,rheumatic, skin, gynecologic and digestive complaints.

Balikesi - Gonen : Situated to north of Balikesir, it has a treatment center with a 381 bed capacity. Thermal waters contain su;phur, chloride, sodium, hydrocarbonate and carbondioxside (52^oC). Suitable for both drinking and bathing cures, the waters are benifical for dermatologic, liver, rheumatic, urinary and nervous complaints

Bolu : It is on the Ankara-Istanbul highway- 4 km.south of Bolu with a 250 bed capacity. Waters (44^oC) contain calcium. magnesium, sulphu, bicarbonete and benefit the cures of rheumatism, neuralgia, sciatica and gyncologic, liver and kidney diseases.

Bursa - Oylat : Appoximately 27 km. south in Inegol county, the water is very warm; the steam bath is heated to 40^oC and the spring waters are 10oC. The waters contain sulphur, bicarbonete, calcium, hyrdrogen ions and iron. With diuretic properties, the drinking and bath cures have a relaxing and sedative effect. There are two hotels and four motels.

Sivas - Balikli (Yilanli) Cermik : This interesting spa is situated 12 km. norteast of kangal in the province of Sivas. Thye waters (35^oC) contain bicarbonete, calcium and magnesium. In the baths are many small fish (2-10 cms) and these play an important part in the cure of psoriasis. The waters are also beneficial for rheumatism, skindiseases, arterial sclerosis and gynecologic complaints. There are motels, restaurants and camping facilities as well as shops for provisions.

Canakkale - Kestanbol : Located 15 km. into Ezine county 2 km. from the Sea of Marmara. The waters of the various springs range between 21^oC and 67^oC, containing chloride, sodium, iron carbon-dioxide and calcium. At the Thermal springs beneficial bath cures, mud-bath cures, steam and geyser-cures are available.

Ankara - Kizilcahamam : It is 86 km. from Ankara. 975 m. above sea level. The waters (37-47^oC) contain sodium, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate and chlorine. Good for drinking and bathing benefitting the cures of rheumatism neuralgia, gynecologic and digestive disorders.

Mugla - Sultaniye : A sunken area Koycegiz county, with warm waters between 25^oC and 43^oC, containing chloride, sodium, hydrogen, sulfide and bromide. Both the drinking ant the bathing waters have a relaxing and beneficial effect on suffers of rheumatism, skin and blood disorders, heart ailments, bronchitis, nervous, complaints, kidney and urinary complaints metabolic disorders and for elderly patients and convalescents.

Kutahya - Harlek (Ilicakoy) : 27 km. from the city. The waters are warm between 25^oC and 43^oC, containing bicarbonate, sulphur, calcium and magnesium. The drinking and bathing waters can be beneficial for sufferers of rheumatism, hepatitis bladder, skin and metabolic disorders.

Konya - Ilgin : Situated northwest of Konya with basic accommodation available but having an excellent treatment center. Waters contain hydrocarbonate, calcium, sodium and carbon-dioxide (42^oC, radioactive) and are beneficial for rheumatic, dermatologicl, gynecologic, urinary, circulatory and heart diseases, and also for glandular and digestive complaints.

Eskisehir - Sakar : It is 33 km. north of Eskisehir near the town of Saricakaya. The waters (35^oC) contain sodium, magnesium and bicarbonate, benefitting the skin, complaints of sciatica, rheumatism and kidney stones.

NIGHTLIFE

There are boundless choices where nightlife in Turkey is concemed. In Ankara, Istanbul, Izmir and Mersin the State Symphoney Orchestra and State Opera and ballet offer the works of Turkish and foreign composers under the direction of world famous Turkish and guest foreign directors. Alongside the Turkish theatre, there are foreign theatrical groups which come to Ankara, Istanbul and Izmir from time to time. For a different view of nightlife in Turkey, there are nightsclubs and colorful shows. Whereever you are, you will be able to go into a nightclub and taste some Turkish food while enjoying yourself until morning. The discos in resort areas and large cities have the latest facilities.

SHOPPING

Shopping is one of the great pleasures of a trip to Turkey and the rich variety of Turkish crafts make it impossible to resist buying something. Alongside the most modern objects, traditional handicrafts from villages and provinces can be found. Practical things for the home and kitchen can be found, but alongside these are many decorative items, often in the traditional Turkish style. Most visitors to Turkey cannot resist buying at least one or two things. The most popular objects for the holidaymaker are, of course carpets; but the various leather and suede goods, copper and bronze wares, silver, ceramics, handicrafts, embroidery; and the famous Turkish meerschaum and onyx are on many people's lists.

In Turkey, suede and leather are particularly important, along with all kinds of clothes and other goods such as handsbags, belts. shoes, etc... at prices which suprise and please the visitor. In the large stores in main cities; dresses, trousers and coats made of extremely fine leather and suede, can be found. If you are looking for something a little more unusual, there is the (nargile) hubble-bubble pipe; or buy a backgammon set and learn the national Turkish game. Your only difficulty shopping in Turkey will be deciding what to choose from the many hundreds of tempting bargains.

TURKISH CUISINE, EATING OUT

Would someone come to Turkey just to eat out? Yes, they would. Turkish food is famous throughout the world. The painstaking preparation of simple, but fresh ingredients brings out the richness of their flavors in a way that never fails to delight. The range is enormous, from a number of soups to an astonising variety of meze (hors d'oeuvre), followed by meat and fish dishes. Then pause awhile to contemplate the famous Turkish sweets and pastries before finishing with a Turkish coffee. All Turkish food is orepared from fresh ingredients.
The country produces a wide variety of fruits and vegetables and being surrounded on three sides by sea, the range of fish to be found is also considerable.

Among alcoholic drinks are the light Turkish beer, excellent wines and the national drink "raki" (an anisette), which clouds when water is added, giving it the popular name of "lion's milk" . The drinking of raki is a rite in itself and it is traditionally accompanied by a variety of "meze" (hors d'ouvre). Along with world famous Turkish coffee. Whereever you go, coffee or tea will be offered to you. Bottled drinking water and mineral water are easily found everywhere. Tap water is drinkable but the taste is not good because it is chlorinated.

Especially in large cities like Istanbul, Ankara and Izmir, you can also find restaurants which feature Chineze, Russian, Japanese, Korean, French, Swiss, german and Italian cuisine.

POPULAR CUSTOMS

Hospitaly :
Hospitally is one of the cornerstones of the Turkish way of life. Following Koranic tenets and naturally friendly intincts, the Turk is a most gracious and generous host. Even the poorest peasant feels bound to honor his guest (misafir) in the best possible manner. Hospitally is taken to such lengths that a foreigner often feels he is suffering from an overdose of it after being piled with food and drinks for hours and being unable to refuse anything, lest he hurt his host's feelings. In addition to ensuring a guest's material well-being, the Turk makes every effort to converse, no matter what linguistic barriers might exist. While most middle-class urban-dwelling Turks speak at least one European language, even the uneducated bravely struggle to make themselves understood, with remarkable success.

Turkish coffee houses:
Even the smallest Turkish village has its coffee-house or "kahvehane" where men can talk, sip coffee and play the national game of backgammon (tavla). In Istanbul especially, men can still be seen smoking their hubble bubble pipes (nargile) in these coffee houses.

Turkish baths :
Oving to teh emphasis placed on cleanliness in Turkish society, there have been public bath-houses (hamam) in Turkey since medieval times. There are separate baths for men and women or when there is only one bath house in the town, different days or times of day are allocated for men and women. After entering the "hamam" and leaving one's clothes in a cubicle, one proceeds wrapped in a towel (pestemal) to the "gobek tasi", a large heated stone where one perspires and is rubbed doen by a bath attendant. If the heat proves too much, one can retire to a cooler room for a while. This method of bathing is most refreshing and many of the old marble baths are very interesting, architecturally.

TRADITIONAL SPORTS

a) "Yagli Gures"
- "Grease Wrestling" is the Turkish national sport and ever year, in July, wrestling championships are held in Kirkpinar, outside Edirne. The contest is made more difficult by the fact that the wrestlers smear themselves with oil.

b) "Cirit Oyunu"
- The "javelin game" of daredevil horsemanship is a sport where wooden javelins are thrown at horseman of opposing teams to gain points. The game is played mainly is Eastern Turkey. Also in Selcuk, in Aegean Region you can watch camel flights (in January), but it for for some reason weat her does not permit, dont despair, camel flights are held in many small towns throughout the springtime. At Artvin Kafkasor, a different type of bullflights is held (in June).

FOLK TRADITIONS

FOLK MUSIC
The lively Turkish folkmusic, which originated on the steppes of Asia, is in complete contrast to the refined Turkish classical music of the Ottoman court. Until recently, folkmusic was not written doen, and the traditions have been kept alive by the "asiklar" (troubadours). Distinct from folkmusic is Ottoman military music, now performed by the "mehter takimi" (Janissary Band) in Istanbul, which originated in Central Asia and is played with kettle drums, clarinets, cymbals and bells. The mystical music of the Whirling Dervishes (Mevleviler) is dominated by the haunting sound of the reed pipe or "ney" and can be heard in Konya during the mevlana Festival in December.

FOLKDANCES
Each region in Turkey has its own special folkdance and costume and the best-known of these are listed below:
a) "Horon" - This Black Sea dance is performed by men only, dressed in black with silver trimmings. The dancers link arms and quiver to the vibrations of the "kemence" (a primitive kind of violin) .

b) "Kasik Oyunu" - The Spoon Dance is performed from Konya to Silifke and consists of gaily dressed male and female dancers"clicking" out the dance rhythm with a pair of wooden spoons im each hand

c) "Kilic Kalkan" - The Sword and Shield Dance of Bursa represents the Ottoman conquest of the city. It is performed by men only, dressed in early Ottoman battle dress, who dance to the sound of clashing swords and shields, without music.
d) "Zeybek" - In this Aegean dance, colorfully dressed male dancers called "efe" symbolize courage and heroism.

FOLK HEROES
a) "Nasrettin Hoca" - A 13th century humorist and sage Aksehir. His witticisms are known throughout Turkey and are often used to make a point.

b) "Karagoz" - Another jester, said to have lived in Bursa in the 14th century and now immortalized as- a shadow puppet. Karagoz is a rough man of the people, who uses his ribald wit to get the better of his pompous friend, Hacivat. The puppets are made from gaily painted, translucent animal skin and are projected onto a white screen

c) "Yunus Emre" The 13th century folk philosopher-poet is one of Turkeys national treasures. His basic themes were universal love, friendship, brotherhood and divine justice. His simple and pure writing brings out a deep meaning for his readers and although he lived over 700 years ago, his work is still timely and though provoking.

d) "Koroglu" A 15th century folk poet. Koroglu was a role model for his contemporaries and a hero of his time. His adventures have been recounted for centuries with prestige and vigor and perheps now with more interest than ever. Korogli was one of the first people to pioneer the ideal of unconditional help for the poor and down-trodden. He was also a great champion against the confines of government control and harassment.

HORSEBACK RIDING

Turkey is an ideal place for horseback riding. Love horses has always been a part of Turkish culture. Cappadocia has been known for centuries as the "land of horses". Horseback riding around Daday, Arac, Eflani, Safranbolu, Ulus and devrek (which are near Kastamonu and Bartin) can be enjoyed along the liitle parthways surrounded by valleys full of orchids in spring and leafy trees in autumn. Apart from this, it is possible to go riding in the big cities-Ankara, Istanbul and Izmir as well as Marmaris, kemer, Antalya, Side, Cesme and

MOUNTAINEERING

In order to ascend the Buyuk Agri and Cilo-Sat ranges, foreign mountaineering groups must have special permission from the proper authorities. For more information and to contact such Turkish groups, apply to the -Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ankara Tel:312-212 51 25 Fax: 312-212 89 66 - Youth and Sports General Directorate Mountaineering Federation (Genclik ve Spor Gen. Mudurlugu, Dagcilik Federasyonu Baskanligi Address: Sanayi Cad, Nuzhet Atav Is Hani No:28 / 2 Ulus - Ankara Tel: 312-310 15 78 - 309 02 92 (4 lines) int (106-107) Fax: 312-310 15 78

It is generally advisable to inform the Turkish Mountaineering Club of the region and time of the intended climb, before the trip. The club will then inform the relevant authorities in the region so that they will be prepared to assist, should it be necessary.

Bey Mountains: These mountains are situated west of Antalya and reach a height of 3086 meters. Th best starting points are from Antalya-Kemer and Antalya-Elmali. Climbing is possible year round. The trip to the top of Kizlar Sivrisi (3070 m.) and back can be made in a day by camping in Sedir Forest Tahtali (2344 m.) can be reached from Kemer. Driving to Soguk Pinar and camping there, the climb is made easily. The view of the Mediterranean from the top atrracts many climbers.

Kackar Mountains: Stretching for 30 km. parallel to the back Sea between Rize and Hopa, these ranges have peaks up tp 3932 m. in height with numerous glaciers , lakes, forests and hot springs. The mountains are divided into four massifs:Vercenik, Kackar (Kavron), Altiparmak and Hunut. Although all of these massifs have camping, climbing and hiking areas, the most popular of these treks is the Trans-Kackar route starting from the Ayder village, known for its beauty and hot springs. You may travel by car to the west to enter the foothills of the Trans-Kackar route all the way up to Asagi Kavron, where you continue on foot from Yukari Kavron to the Bogazcayiri natural camping area. From here the summit of Kackar is about 7-9 hours trek at an altitude of 3932 m.. When you come down on the Eastern side you can also visit the Buyuk Cay Valley going on to Yaylalar Village and from there again by car on to Barhal. This entire area is known for its friendly people and hospitable neighbours.

Ala Mountains: Situated 60 km. southeast of Nigde, running in an easterly direction, the Yedi Goller Plateau lies at 3100 m. and is surrounded by high peaks. The ideal season for ascending is June-September and the mountains are accessible via Nigde, Camardi and Cukurbag. The starting poin for ascending the Demirkazik at 3756 m. (there and back 9-10 hours) is Sokullupinar, about 3 hours walk from Cukurbag. Starting from Yedi Goller Vadisi (Valley of the Seven Lakes) one can ascend up to Kizilkaya (3725 m., there and back in 10 hours), ande Direktas (3470 m - 10 hours). For ascending in the Kaldi group, the highest peak of which is 3734 m., the base camp should be made on the Sinekli Plateau.

Hasan Mountain: Situated south of Aksaray at a height of 3250 m. Hasan Mountain is accessible from all directions. Thye ideal starting points are Taspinar on the Ankara - Adana road and the village of Helvadere in the Ihlara valley. Route plans and mountainering guides are available from the tourist Information Offices of the respective regions.

Erciyes Mountain: This extinct volcano, the highest peak (3917 m.) in central Anatolia, lies to the south of Kayseri. The Tekir Plateau is a recreational area in summer and a good skiing area in winter and it is reached via Hisarcik. The plateau is also yhe starting point for ascending the peak from the north face. The climb there and back takes 10-12 hours and on the plateau is a 100-bed capacity chalet. Another route goes over the glacier called Sutdonduran.

Bolkar Mountains: They are situated in the middle of the Toros Mountains. Lying on the Ankara-Adana road. The best starting points, in order to reach the peaks of Kizilyar (3654 m.) and Turasan (3499 m.), are Maden Koyu near Ciftehan and Elmapinar near Camalan. Buyuk Agri Mountain: This is highest mountain (5137 m.) in Turkey with its peak totally capped by a glacier. Th best seasons are July-September. Dogubeyazit is the starting point for climbing the southern face, via the village of Topcatan. A plateau leads to this highest point (5137 m) in Anatolia. The mountains is alsolegendary for its friendly people.

Suphan Mountain: This is the third highest peak (4059 m.) in Turkey and has a crater lake. Starting from Adilcevaz the trip to the top and back takes about three days.

Cilo - Sat Mountains: This range, located in the east has numerous glaciers, lakes and streams, so it is an ideal region for mountaineering and rambling. The best season for climbing and hiking is June-September. The starting point is the high plateau of Mercan, 5 hours walk from the Gndarme post of Zap (18 km. from Hakkari). Access to the Gelyasin Peak (4135 m.) is via the high plateau of Serpil and access to the Kisara peak (3752 m.) is via the village of Kursin and So. The track to the Samdi Peak and the surrounding glaciers starts from the "Sat Gevaruk" Pasture. The glacier lake Bay Golu surrounded by alpine flora lies at 2700 m.

Mercan (Munzur) Mountains: Ranging from 3462 m. to 3500 m. this range lies between Tunceli and Erzincan. The highest peaks are north of Ovacik

WINTER SPORTS

Winter sports resort in Turkey are generally located is forested mountains of average height. For detailed information contact:

- Youth and Sport General Directorate
(Genclik ve Spor Genel Mudurlugu Kayak Federasyonu Baskanligi Kayak Federation Management)
Address: Ulus Is Hani 4. Kat Ulus - Ankara
Tel:312- 311 07 64 - 310 39 60/306-307-308 Fax: 312-311 07 64

The following ski and winter sport centers are easily accessible by road or by Turkish Airlines domestic flights.

Bursa - Uludag: This ski center, 36km south of Bursa is accessible along a good asphalt road or by cablecar. The ski area lies between 1900-2500 m. and the best season is from December to February. A wide range of accommodation is available in hotels, family chalets and apres-ski facilities. At the resort there are chairlifts, 11 ski-lifts, slalom and giant slalom courses, beginners slopes and a small hospital. Skis, equipment and instructors are available for hire. Total bed capacity is 2300

Bolu - Kartalkaya: This resort situated on the Istanbul - Ankara highway 50 km. from Bolu is surrounded by pine forest, the ski area lies between 1850 - 2200 m. Kartal Hotels 1 and 2 with a total 958 bed capacity, have a indoor heated swimming pool, ski lift, beginners slopes and equipment for hire. Ski instructors are available.

Kastamonu - Ilgaz Mountain: Situated between Kastamonu and Cankiri 40 km. from Kastamonu at the junction of the Istanbul - Kastamonu, Ankara - Kastamonu roads. In the Ilgaz Natioanl Park amids beautiful woodlands, the slopes lie at 1850 - 2000 m.. There are picnic facilities, an hotel, chalets, two ski-lifts, a baby lift and a chair lift; there is also good hunting in the area.

Antalya - Saklikent: Situated norteast of Bakirli mountain in the Beydag mountain range, 50 k. north-weast of Antalya, at a height of 1850m. Accommodation is available in guest-houses or chalets. There are two ski lifts, restaurants, shops and a market. The best season is from January to April. During March and April, ski in the mornings then drive down the coast and swim in the warm waters of the Mediterranean in the afternoons.

Kayseri - Erciyes: The ski center lies at 2150 m. on the eastren face of Erciyes Mountain, Tekir yaylasi (plateau), 25 km, from Kayseri. The rseason is from December to March; there is a 140 bed capacity ski lodge, good courses, a ski lift and chair lift. Ski instructors and equipment are available.

Erzurum - Palandoken: This center is 6 km. from Erzurum along a good road,lyingat an altitude of 220 t0 3100m. withy some of the longest courses and best snow conditions in Turkey, making it an ideal location for international ski competitions. Accommodation is available at a 140 bed ski lodge, an hotel with restaurant and a charlift. Ski instructors and equipment are available for hire. Also, these are a number of hotels in Erzurum. December to April is the most suitable season.

Kars - Sarikamis: Situated 60 km. from Kars at 2250 m. this ski center too has good courses and ideal snow conditions; the area is also noted for its hunting. Accommodations are available in town or at the 80 bed capacity, centrally heated ski lodge, where ski lifts and ski instructors are available. The best season is from November to April.

Ankara - Elmadag: About 23 km, form Ankara, between 1500 and 1800 m. this a lovely olace to relax, get fresh air and do dine far away from the clamor and air pollution in the city. There is 10 room (33 bed) hotel, chalets (130 beds), two ski-lifts, a pleasantly decorated a la carte restaurant, a snack bar, disco and parking. The ski season runs from December to March.

Gumushane - Zigana: This center is 30 km. from Gumushane and lies at an altitude of 1870 m. above a pine-clad valley. There are ski lifts, a chair lify, ski lodge, cafeteria and restaurant. The season is from December to the end of April.

Agri - Bubi: At a distance of 40 km. from the city center, this ski center is situated in a lovely landscape where alpine streams intermingle with flora in the surrounding view. The ski season runs from December to March. There is a cablecar and a cafateria.

Erzincan - Bolkar: About 40 km. from Erzincan, there is boathouse and a chair lifts. The ski season runs from December to April.

Bitlis - Sapgor: Located in an austere landscape, with scarce plant covering. Th ski season runs from February o March. There are ski lifts and 40 ski berths.

Bingol: This ski center is 28 km. from the city center, in flora-covered heathland. The skiing season runs from February through March. There are 50 berths and ski lifts are available.

Organized International Ski Tournaments in Turkey:
International Youth Cup (Alpine Discipline), Uludag - Bursa: March
International Endurance Cup (Arctic Discipline), Uludag - Bursa: March
Palandoken Ski Cup, Palandoken -Erzurum: April
Europen Cup Meadow Skiing

FISHING and HUNTING

FISHING

Tourists may fish for sporting purposes in non-prohibited regions without obtaining licenses. Amateur equipment and noncommercial, multi-hooked lines should be usede and nets should not weigh more than 5kg. Commerciak fishing by foreigners carries heavy penalties.

Details concerning fishing zons, minimum fish size and the number of fish that may be caught person can be obtained from;

-Orman Bakanligi, Koruma ve Kontrol Gen. Mudurlugu,
(Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs)
Address: Akay Cad. No:3 Bakanliklar,Ankara
Tel: 312-417 41 76 - Fax:312-418 80 05

HUNTING

Foreigners can only hunt in parties organized by Turkish agencies which have been authorized the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. These agencies provide all information concerning seasons, authorized zones, permits, weapons and ammunition. A list of agencies can be obtained from the Union of Travel Agencies (TURSAB), see useful Address. For more information:

-Forest Ministry, National Parks and Wildlife Generalk Directorate
(Orman Bakanligi ve Milli Parklar Av-Yaban Hayati Genel Mudurlugu)
Address: Gazi Tesisleri No:11 Gazi - Ankara
Tel:312-212 63 00/2260 Fax:312- 222 51 40

-Youth and Sport General Directorate, Hunting and Marksman Federation
(Genclik ve Spor Genel Mudurlugu Aticilik, Avcilik Federasyonu Bsk.)
Address: Emek Is Hani A-Blok 4.Kat Ulus-Ankara
Tel: 312-310 61 60 - 310 39 60/304-305 Fax: 312-310 61 60

CAVING

With numerous caves in variougus regions, Turkey is an ideal place for cavers,
also known as spelunkers.

Caving (spelunking), highlights many different aspects of Turkey. The most beautiful and interesting caves are located in the Toros regions, southeast, northwest Anatolia and Thrace. For details informations, write to: -Maden Tetkik Arama (MTA) Genel Mudurlugu Jeoloji (Mineral Examination and Exploration, General Directorate of Geology) Address:Etudler Dairesi 06520 - Ankara Tel:312-287 34 30 Fax:312- 285 42 71